Priorities and tools of regulation of external migration in the Carpathian region of Ukraine

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.02.09

Keywords:

human resources, external migration, Carpathian region, migration vector, migration flow, regulatory tools, economic development.

Abstract

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine and to develop applied recommendations for the regulation of external migration in the context of the need to save human resources.

Methodology / approach. The theoretical and scientific-methodological basis of the study are the theories of migration, social economy and demography, methods of cognition of migration phenomena and processes. Current research involves such methods and approaches as logical generalization and synthesis to create the basic conclusions and proposals; comparative analysis to compare trends of external migration in the Carpathian region with average national indicators; structural and geographical analysis to assess the migrant rates in recipient countries; graphic and cartographic methods to visualize the results of research of migration flows.

Results. The volume of external migration of the population in the Carpathian region of Ukraine as a border area is significant compared to national trends. The largest volumes of migration flows from the Carpathian region are directed to Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany, and Italy. The results of the structural analysis confirm the close migration relations of oblasts of the Carpathian region and neighboring countries, including the Carpathian region and Hungary, the Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts with Poland, and Zakarpattya oblast and Moldova. It is determined that the real indicators of external migration from the Carpathian region significantly exceed the data of official statistics. It is proved that the critical challenges caused by the growing external migration in the Carpathian region relate to: increasing educational and labour migration of young people against an active pull migration policy for high qualified and working staff in the EU, increasing imbalances in regional labour markets, low wages and incomes, non-availability labour substitution effect due to low demographic reproduction and active immigration policies.

Originality / scientific novelty. The system of priority goals of regional migration policy has been improved in terms of substantiation of mechanisms for regulating external migration of the population, which is based on the formation of information and analytical base of external migration of border areas and development of a new electronic system of labour and educational migration. For the first time, it has been proposed a system of measures to ensure the convergence of the institutional system for regulating regional migration flows from the Carpathian region by the leading models of EU countries.

Practical value / implications. There are proposed and substantiated the tools and appropriate measures for regulating the external migration of the population in the Carpathian region under conditions of the need to save human resources and ensure the intellectual and personnel security in the region for their implementation by regional authorities.

References

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References
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2. Libanova, E. (2018), External labor migration of Ukrainians: scale, causes, consequences. Demography and social economy, vol. 2(33), pp. 11–26. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2018.02.11.
3. Pozniak, O. (2012), External labour migration in Ukraine as a factor in socio-demographic and economic development. CARIM-East Research Report 2012/14. Migration Policy Centre, available at: https://cadmus.eui.eu//handle/1814/24857.
4. Bilan, Yu. (2017), Migration of the Ukrainian population: economic, institutional and sociocultural factors. Ubiquity Press, London, UK.
5. Lücke, M., and Saha, D. (2019), Labour migration from Ukraine: changing destinations, growing macroeconomic impact. Policy Studies Series [PS/02/2019]. German Advisory Group, Berlin-Kyiv, available at: https://www.german-economic-team.com/ukraine/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/GET_UKR_PS_02_2019_en.pdf.
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11. Van Hear, N., Bakewell, O. and Long, K. (2017), Push-pull plus: reconsidering the drivers of migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 44, is. 6, pp. 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384135.
12. Rye, J. F. (2014), The Western European countryside from an Eastern European perspective: case of migrant workers in Norwegian agriculture. European Countryside, vol. 6, is. 4, pp. 327–346. https://doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0018.
13. Rye, J. F. (2017), Labour migrants and rural change: the “mobility transformation” of Hitra/Froya, Norway, 2005-2015. Journal of Rural Studies, vol. 64, pp. 189–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.12.003.
14. Zimmermann, K. F. (1996), European Migration: Push and Pull. International Regional Science Review, vol. 19, is. 1–2, pp. 95–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/016001769601900211.
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18. Levytska, O., Mulska, O., Ivaniuk, U., Kunytska-Iliash, M., Vasyltsiv, T. and Lupak, R. (2020), Modelling the conditions affecting population migration activity in the Eastern European region: the case of Ukraine. TEM Journal, vol. 9, is. 2, pp. 507–514. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM92-12.
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21. Okólski, M. (2007), Europe in movement: migration from/to Central and Eastern Europe. CMR Working Papers No. 22/80. Centre of Migration Research (CMR), University of Warsaw, available at: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/140806/1/573870977.pdf.
22. Vollmer, B., and Malynovska, O. (2016), Ukrainian Migration Research Before and Since 1991 In Ukrainian Migration to the European Union eds O. Fedyuk and M. Kindler. IMISCOE Research Series Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41776-9_2.
23. Bauernschuster, S., Falck, O., Heblich, S., Suedekum, J. and Lameli, A. (2010), Why are educated and risk-loving persons more mobile across regions? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol. 98, pp. 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.011.
24. Woo, Y. and Kim, E. (2020), Analyzing determining factors of young graduates’ decision to stay in lagged regions. Sustainability, vol. 12(8), pp. 30–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083094.
25. Erdal, M. B. and Lewicki, A. (2016), Polish migration within Europe: mobility, transnationalism and integration. Social Identities, vol. 22, is. 1, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2015.1110351.
26. Vasyltsiv, T. G., Lupak, R. L. and Kunytska-Iliash, M. V. (2019), Social security of Ukraine and the EU: aspects of convergence and improvement of migration policy. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 50–58. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-50-58.
27. Divinský, B. (2007). Labor market-migration nexus in Slovakia: time to act in a comprehensive way. International Organization for Migration. Tlačiareň Durlák, Senica, Slovakia.
28. Dorigo, G. and Tobler, W. (1983), Push-pull migration laws. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1983.tb01392.x.
29. Rogers, A. (2008), Demographic modeling of the geography of migration and population: a multiregional perspective. Geographical analysis, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 276–296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.2008.00726.x.
30. Katsarski, N. (2019), Factors determining migration of the population. International Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 1729–1733. https://doi.org/10.35120/kij30061729K.
31. Vasyltsiv, T., Lupak, R., Kunytska-Iliash, M., Levytska, O. and Mulska, O. (2020), Instruments of regional policy for human resources conservation by means of regulation of external youth migration of rural territories of the Carpathian region. Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 149–170. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2020.06.03.09.
32. Williams, A. M. (2009), International migration, uneven regional development and polarization. European Urban and Regional Studies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776409104695.
33. Mulska, O. P., and Baranyak, I. Ye. (2019), Formation of the forecasting model for Ukrainian-German migration system. Economy and forecasting, vol. 2, pp. 119–136. https://doi.org/10.15407/eip2019.02.120.

Published

2021-06-20

How to Cite

Semiv, S., Berezivskiy, Y., Baranyak, I., Mulska, O., & Ivaniuk, U. (2021). Priorities and tools of regulation of external migration in the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, 7(2), 160–181. https://doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.02.09

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